You don’t build a business in order to make a profit. You make a profit in order to build a business.
When thinking about business ideas, the first thing to consider is how meaningful it is to society.
A business is one of the most efficient ways to bring positive change to the world.
Being profitable is critical, because it is what allows the business to exist, and accomplish its mission. Being greedy isn’t the goal, being sustainable is.
The second thing to consider, is what we could call the Customer Acquisition Model, or CAM.
A business isn’t a business if it doesn’t have paying customers.
And no, money from investors is different — it isn’t predictable, it doesn’t scale, it doesn’t sustain, and it isn’t any indication of success. It is just nitro that you inject in the engine to go faster/bigger after you have validated the business with the first paying customers.
Getting paying customers is, by far, one of the most challenging parts of building a business. There is a cost to it, and there is a way.
The CAM is the way. It is what can make or break any business. Putting the time and thinking into figuring out the Customer Acquisition Model makes all the difference.
Personally, I throw away countless business ideas, including my own, when I realize the CAM is too complex, or not efficient enough. All other aspects of the business, no matter how attractive they may seem, become irrelevant. I don’t even get involved and I quickly move on to the next idea.
No need to think about the color of the roof, if the foundation of the house isn’t strong enough to support the walls.
Ideally, the CAM is viral: each customer becomes your marketer.
Communities, and communication tools (phone, fax, email, instant-messaging, etc), are usually the most likely to be viral, because the more users in the network, the more value each user gets. It is in the direct interest of each user to invite others to buy the same product.
Word of mouth is different — it quickly fades away when the next popular thing appears. There is no such thing as “viral video”, but rather “video that many people share”… until the next video comes along and steals the spotlight.
Viral, on the other hand, keeps on spreading.
Create a CAM that is viral, and all you need is a dozen initial customers who tell their peers, and your business spreads like wildfire, quite possibly without the need for any advertising.
Advertising is force. As in physics, any force results in counter-force, friction, resistance.
Turning your customers into your marketers isn’t force, it is Power. There isn’t resistance — there is acceptance, resonance, self-amplification.
What if you don’t sell a communication tool?
Creating a CAM that is viral, then, is the art of inventing new business models.
Many CAMs are respectable without being viral, though. When acquiring each customer, just make sure you make more money than you spend.
你不該因為渴望賺錢而經營企業;你要為了經營企業而想辦法賺錢。
在構思生意上的新點子時,我優先衡量的點,總是它為社會帶來的意義是什麼。
若想為這世界帶來正面的改變,經營企業可說是最有效的方法之一。
保持一定的營利程度也是非常重要的;畢竟唯有如此,企業方能生存,企業家才得以完成使命。然而,做生意的目的不是貪得無厭,而是永續發展。
我接著考慮的點,則是所謂的CAM:Customer Acquisition Model (獲取顧客的模式)
經營企業一定要有願意消費的顧客。
然而,來自投資者的錢又另當別論了──這種收入來源既不穩定,又難以成長,更遑論要永續發展了。這些現象實在不是邁向成功的跡象;這只是假象,讓你在有了首批消費的顧客後,就立刻想把nitro(硝酸)倒入引擎好讓車子飆得更快。
直到今天,找到願意消費的顧客,仍是經營企業時最困難的部分之一。這需要時間及成本沒錯,但同時也是要有方法的。
CAM就是一個方法。它決定了企業的成敗,能同時成就和搞垮一個企業。花點時間去思考,並且找到屬於你的獲取顧客模式;這舉動帶來的好處可是非同小可。
拿我來說,我總是把一堆生意上的點子都拋諸腦後,即便是我自己費時想出來的也不例外。因為,我常會發現它們的CAM不是太複雜、就是不夠有效率。在這樣的前提之下,無論這些生意點子的其他層面再吸引人,也都無關緊要了。我絕不會多花任何時間在上面,而是盡快朝下一個點子前進。
當房子的地基不夠穩固、無法支撐牆面時,就別白費時間及心思去想要把屋頂漆成什麼顏色了。
原則上來說,CAM具有像病毒自足茁壯的特性:同理,理想狀況就是讓每個顧客最終都能成為你的行銷人員。
所有通訊工具──舉凡電話、傳真、電子郵件、即時訊息等等──都是病毒式行銷最容易成功的領域,因為在特定網絡內有越多的使用者,每個使用者就可以得到越多的資源。所以對這些顧客而言,邀請其他人一起購置特定產品是有利的,也因此他們會樂於幫忙推銷。
口碑式行銷又是另一回事了。一旦有別的更火紅的東西出現,原本的產品就很容易迅速退燒。舉例來說,影片就不屬於病毒式行銷的範疇,頂多是有些影片會暫時得到特別多人的分享及點閱……直到另一個影片出現並奪走焦點。
病毒是會不斷擴散的。
試著找到一個能運用病毒式行銷的CAM,讓頭十位消費的顧客願意幫你把產品推銷給他們的朋友。接著,你的企業就會如星火燎原般成長擴大,而且很可能連打廣告都完全不用了。
打廣告是種強制性的力量,而這往往會導致於反制力、摩擦力、及阻力的產生。
相對地,讓顧客為你行銷則需要正面順流的力量。如此一來,就不會造成任何阻力,只會有接納和共鳴。
說了半天,如果你的企業跟通訊工具無關呢?
先找到一個病毒式行銷的CAM。接著,就看你如何打造一個創新的商業模式了。
也有許多CAM是沒有採用病毒式行銷,卻仍非常成功的。所以只要記得在每次獲得新的顧客時,留意一下你賺的錢有沒有比你花的錢多就好。
Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.
Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.
筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。
譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)