ASAP = As Small As Possible

Growth, growth, growth… The obsession of our time?

Growth, growth, growth… Can it be infinite, on a finite planet?

Your number of employees, amount of funding, number of years you have been in business… none of that matters.

Not one bit.

The right person can make a bigger impact than an entire organization whose people produce nothing but CO2.

When you hire more people, you significantly increase your burn-rate and your responsibilities. Those people better be so essential, that if they were missing, your entire project would be compromised.

That’s how much you want your people to matter. They will reward you, many times over, for the trust and importance you give them.

Keep your business as small as possible. When a team becomes too big, divide it and create a new team. Better many decentralized teams, than a single large one.

Keep it fun for everyone involved. This is the best way to be sustainable.

Rather than grow as big as possible, seek to stay viable over the long term with the right people.

成長、成長、再成長……這已經成為我們這一代的代名詞了嗎?

成長、成長、再成長……地球有限的資源,可以負荷無止盡的成長嗎?

你的公司有多少員工、多少資金、多少資歷……這些數字都不重要。

一點也不。

只要是對的人——哪怕只有一個——其影響力就可以強過一整個團隊。畢竟人再多,如果不會做事也只是製造一堆二氧化碳罷了。

你僱用越多員工,燒的錢就越多,承擔的責任也越大。所以這一堆員工最好夠重要,重要到如果少了他們,整個公司或企業就無法運作。

這就是當你在僱用員工時需考慮及衡量的。如果你賦予他們足夠的重要性及信任,他們就會加倍地回饋於你。

讓你的企業越小越好。當公司成長規模過大時,成立一個新部門或建立一個新團隊。數個不同的小分支,會好過把所有雞蛋都放在同一個籃子裡。

每個參與其中的人都要有其不可或缺性。讓所有人都從工作中獲得樂趣,這就是讓企業永續經營的方法。

別再追求無止盡的成長。找到對的人,才能讓公司及企業真正細水長流、永遠茁壯。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., MetaPass, Inc., and Talents Unlimited (.org). A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,MetaPass, Inc.,及Talents Unlimited (.org)。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Team Building | Leave a comment

FAQ = Frequently Avoided Questions

Why does it take courage to ask for help?

Problems, issues, and situations are often just consequences, on the surface. The root causes are hidden deeper.

A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. So when seeking advice, expose your weakest points.

That takes courage. Only then can others help identify the root of the issue you need help with.

Finding the root questions is the real, hard work. Only then can the right answers start to become clear.

Take care of the root, and the leaves will take care of themselves.

尋求幫助是勇敢的。為什麼?

我們面臨的問題、窘境、及疑難雜症,其實都只是處於表層的結果 ; 而造成這些結果的原因,往往埋藏於深層處。

鎖鏈本身的強度其實跟它最脆弱的部分——鏈環——是一樣的。同理,主動向他人請求諮詢時, 我們必須暴露出自己最脆弱的弱點。

因此,尋求幫助是勇敢的。唯有踏出這一步,別人才能看見你真正的問題,進而對症下藥給予你需要的幫助。

找到問題背後的根本原因,是最重要最困難的工作。唯有做好這一塊,真正的問題才能愈發明顯,進而被解決。

只要先照顧好深層的根,表層的葉自然就會茂密茁壯。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., MetaPass, Inc., and Talents Unlimited (.org). A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,MetaPass, Inc.,及Talents Unlimited (.org)。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment

CEO = Cash Extracting Officer

They say “cash is king”.

Really?

Raise money from investors, and now your company has more cash. Are you the king now?

Now, you have legal, financial, and other obligations that will affect you and your company, every day (and night), until the end of your tenure.

If the king is the one in control, how to remain the king?

It isn’t cash, but cash-flow, that is king.

The #1 job of the CEO is to make sure the company makes a profit, in order to sustain and continue to serve its customers and employees.

No need to be profitable from day one (although that is nice), but the task of the Cash Extraction Officer is clear.

Nothing to do with raising money from investors. The best time to do that, if ever, is AFTER the business has been validated by paying customers.

Sell your stuff, before selling your shares.

How about taking investor money in order to receive “business guidance”?

When you need a doctor, you are the one who pays for medical guidance. If a doctor wanted to pay you instead, wouldn’t you wonder why?

Unless you want to build a space shuttle or a power plant, chances are that you don’t need much funding, if any. And if you do, there are many, better ways to finance a business than sell a piece of it.

It has never been cheaper in history to start, run, and bring a business to sustainability. There is no excuse.

When you have paying customers, you tilt the the balance of power in your favor. You can say Yes or No to whoever you want.

As the king does.

Ironically, it is when you have cash-flow, the proof of a business, that the smart investors come to you.

On your terms.

“Happiness belongs to the self-sufficient.”
–Aristotle

人人都說「現金為王」。

真是這樣嗎?

當你決定為公司籌來更多資金而向外部投資人募資時,你有因此成為國王了嗎?

隨此舉帶來的法務、財政、及其他種種限制將每天(和每夜)煩擾你的身心及影響你整個公司——直到你在職任期的終點。

所以如果我們定義國王為掌權作決定的人,要如何在公司中久居王位呢?

答案不是現金,而是現金流。那才是國王需重視的。

CEO的首要工作就是要讓公司能獲利賺錢,以確保能永續經營並持續服務顧客及照顧員工。

你不用從第一天就開始獲利(當然如果可以也很棒),但身為CEO,心中一定要有個清楚的目標。

這目標無關於向外部投資人募資。就算真的需要這麼做,最好的時間點也絕對是在公司已經有了消費客源「之後」。

先賣出你的商品或服務,爾後才可以考慮賣出公司的股份。

那如果想要接受外部投資人的錢,以得到他們對公司的「商業諮詢」呢?

這麼說好了,當你去醫院時,你要付醫生錢來得到他的醫療諮詢。這很合理。所以如果今天醫生說要給你錢來提供你諮詢服務,你難道不會覺得奇怪嗎?

因此除非你是要建造一個太空梭或發電廠,不然你根本不需要多少資金。即便你真的需要錢,也可以想到太多比售出股份更好的籌資方法。

縱觀歷史,要創辦繼而經營一家公司,並使其成為一個永續發展的企業,現在就是最便宜的時代了。我們沒有藉口說沒有投資人就做不到。

一旦你有了穩定的消費客源,掌權及作決定的人就是你。你可以選擇對任何人說要或不要。

就像國王一樣。

諷刺的是,當公司擁有穩定良好的現金流時,真正聰明的投資人才會開始找上你。
然而你仍會是作決定的那個人。

「幸福在於自主自足之中。」——亞里斯多德


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., MetaPass, Inc., and Talents Unlimited (.org). A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,MetaPass, Inc.,及Talents Unlimited (.org)。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment

Opening Soon in Tokyo!

Founder Squad Tokyo

仮登録を行なって下さい  / Click Here to Apply

 

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The Art of Making Mistakes
犯錯的藝術

The month of the year an entrepreneur makes the fewest mistakes is… February, because there are only 28 days!

This is the price of innovation. For the sake of progress, we constantly try things that may or may not work.

The challenge isn’t in making mistakes. It is in knowing the difference between good and stupid mistakes.

A good mistake is trying something that was never tried before, and fail. Nobody knew whether it would work, therefore it was worth trying. It becomes a learning experience.

A stupid mistake is ignoring the advice of people who have done it before.

(An even more stupid mistake is to listen to advice from posers who seek attention and have actually never done what you are doing.)

Savvy entrepreneurs strike a balance between confidence and humility. They are unstoppable with their vision, but they also seek advice in order to make that vision a reality.

What good mistake did you make today?

“A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” — Albert Einstein

企業家及創業人在哪個月份能犯下最少的錯誤呢?答案是二月,因為二月只有二十八天!

這就是領導創新的代價。為求進步,我們必須一再地嘗試所有可行及不可行的選項。

所以真正的問題不在於犯錯。懂得分辨何謂好的錯誤及愚笨的錯誤,才是最重要的課題。

當我們嘗試去做一些沒有人做過的事,然後失敗了,這就是好的錯誤。畢竟沒人做過,沒人知道結果會如何,所以值得我們去嘗試、去犯錯。

然而當我們選擇不聽建言 ── 尤其是來自過來人的經驗談,那就是愚笨的錯誤了。

(更愚蠢的錯誤,是去聽從那些為奪取注意力而裝腔作勢的人們,殊不知他們根本沒經歷過你正經歷的創業之路。)

真正聰明的企業家及創業人懂得在自信及謙卑中取得平衡。他們為了達成目標而毫不退縮,但同時也會聽取建議,以把心中的願景化成真實。

你今天犯了哪些值得犯下的好錯誤呢?

「一個從不犯錯的人,是一個從沒嘗試過新事物的人。」— 愛因斯坦


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment

What To Do When You Don’t Know What To Do
當你失去方向時該怎麼做

Serve people with your unique gifts.

In business, as in personal life.

How to discover your unique gifts?

Help everyone you encounter.

No matter how, no matter how much or how little.

It doesn’t really matter what you do. What matters is that you stop thinking, stop planning, stop preparing for a hypothetical future… and start doing.

If not now, when?

Plans are meant to be changed, rules are meant to be overcome, and Plan B is a distraction away from Plan A.

Focusing on others has a tendency to positively adjust what happens in life. People and opportunities appear, seemingly out of nowhere, at the right moment. Our purpose becomes more clear every passing day.

This is a secret to creativity: by doing, we discover what we are meant to create.

你的天賦及才華就是你的禮物。用這份禮物去服務他人。

不論是工作上還是生活中,

如何發掘你的禮物呢?

幫助每一個你遇見的人,

不論是哪種形式,也不管是多大多小的忙。

到頭來其實最重要的不是你「做什麼」,而是你「開始做」了:停止想東想西,停止計劃考慮,停止預設立場、為未知的未來作準備。

畢竟此時不開始,更待何時?

計劃永遠趕不上變化。規則是用來打破的。B計劃只會讓你分心,而不再全神貫注於真正重要的A計劃。

當我們不再只顧自己,而把焦點放在幫助他人身上時,人生自然就會產生正面的變化。在對的時刻,對的人及對的機會常會突如其來地出現。每一天,我們的方向都會變得愈來愈明顯。

這就是箇中秘密:在做的過程中,我們就會慢慢發現我們的方向。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Leadership | Leave a comment

The Only Entrepreneurship Award You Need To Win
你唯一需要贏得的企業獎項

Stop the first random person you meet on the street, and convince them, without using force, to give you money.

Sounds difficult?

This is exactly what you do with your business, though. Transforming total strangers into customers is the most challenging thing to accomplish. It is the validation that you do, in fact, have a business.

Failing that, you could try a much easier challenge: win some startup competition or entrepreneurship award.

Such awards are nothing but a business for the organizers. A self-promotion tool for the judges. A distraction for the entrepreneur away from building a validated business: costing time, money, or both.

Don’t be fooled by the red carpet and the gold medal and the short-lived media coverage. Today you are a rock star, tomorrow everyone will have forgotten what happened.

Customers don’t care that you win an award that was granted by a bunch of posers who aren’t your customers, therefore unqualified to judge you.

Counting on an award is like asking someone who has never jumped into water to save you from drowning. It is also an excuse to justify the fear of shipping and of getting judged by the people who matter in the real world.

Shipping is precisely all you need to do.

And paying customers are the only award you need to win.

Once you start to win the only real award, get your customers to speak on your behalf, because they have earned the authority to do so. Testimonials from your customers is pure gold, and completely free.

You, in turn, have earned all the credibility you need.

在街上攔下你碰到的第一個路人,然後在不使用強迫性手段的前提下,說服他把錢交給你。

聽起來很難嗎?

然而這正是當你在做生意時應該做的。最困難的挑戰,就是要成功把陌生人變成你的顧客;這同時也代表了你在經營的是真正的企業。

做不到這點的人,才會去考慮另一個簡單些的挑戰:贏一些創業競賽或企業獎座。

這些獎說穿了就是主辦人們在做的生意,同時也是贊助廠商和評審人員們的打廣告工具。這會讓創業家們難以專心在經營真正的企業上,並且分散他們的注意力:費時、花錢、或兩者都是。

千萬別被紅地毯、金牌獎章、或曇花一現的媒體報導給迷惑了。也許今天你能成為萬眾矚目的的搖滾巨星,但一到明天這一切可能都是過往雲煙。

你的顧客則不同了,他們不會真的在乎你得了什麼了不起的獎,因為那些了不起的評審們不是你的顧客,所以說真的他們沒資格來評斷你。

過於依賴這些獎項的虛名,就像溺斃時跟一個不曾下水過的人求救一樣,徒勞無功。同時這也是個逃避的藉口,讓你把所有時間心力花在想辦法得獎上,而不是正式出貨上市,和讓真正重要的消費者們評斷你的產品及服務。

出貨上市,這就是你真正需要做的。

而願意消費的顧客們,才是你唯一需要贏得的獎項。

一旦你贏了這唯一重要的獎,你的顧客就會代表你為你的企業發聲,因為他們體驗過你的產品及服務。他們有資格為你說話。消費者的推薦證明就是最珍貴的黃金。免費的黃金。

而另一方面,你也同時得到了你需要的專業可信度。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment

Opening Soon in Silicon Valley

Click here to pre-register!


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On Generosity
樂善好施

Giving, receiving, and what is given, are one and the same thing.

How is this possible?

Ancestors explained “dana”, the Sanskrit word for “generosity”, the following way.

When we give to someone,

1) There is no giver
2) There is no receiver
3) Nothing has been given

They also called it “Triple Emptiness”, meaning it doesn’t have intrinsic value. There is no separation: everything is already shared, and is merely moving.

In Nature, there is no such thing as waste. What is waste to something is nutrient for something else. What happens in Nature is merely movement of shared resources.

When we perceive this, there is no limit to what we can accomplish, because there is no limit to what we can give.

Serving and helping others is the essence of our life’s mission.

How is this different from the mission of your business?

The business you are building is merely a conduit for you to express your gifts. It isn’t about how much you help others, but rather, about you helping them at the time they need you the most.

不論是施、是受、抑或是施予的事物,其實在本質上都是一樣的。

怎麼可能呢?

這是祖先傳授的學問:在古梵語裡,「dana」是「樂善好施」的意思。深究其中,可歸納出以下的規則。

當我們施予他人時,

1) 沒有所謂的施者
2) 沒有所謂的受者
3) 沒有真正被施受的事物

也有人稱此境界為「三空」:其實世上大多數事物都沒有與生俱來的價值,而是我們人類加諸給予其後天價值。這世界不存在隔閡,因為世間萬物都已在不自覺中共享著一切。乍看好似時時刻刻都在變,其實永永遠遠都沒變。

在自然界中,沒有什麼是浪費的。在這邊被浪費的東西,到了那邊就成了養分。大自然就是靠這些共享的資源來運作的。

一旦我們有了這層認知,那就沒有什麼是我們辦不到的 ; 因為沒有什麼是我們不能施予的。

幫助及服務他人應是我們人生使命的重點。

而這跟你的企業使命又有什麼不同呢?

你所經營的企業只是你樂善好施的管道之一。真正重要的不是你幫了別人多少,而是你有沒有在別人最需要你的時候,不吝惜地伸出援手。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Leadership | Leave a comment

Revolutions Never Get Started By The King
發起革命的從不會是國王

If Henry Ford had asked customers what they want, he would have sold a carriage with faster horses.

In the innovation business, real competition is not another company. It is the status-quo. The “king” in charge, so to speak.

It is easy for anyone to imagine, build, and sell something a little cheaper, a little faster, a little smaller, a little better than an existing solution. However, by definition, it is just a little different, incremental, and doesn’t bring much change.

A new detergent can be a little more powerful than its predecessor, but overall, it cleans our laundry pretty much the same way.

Is it far more difficult to imagine, build, and sell something radically different. How about a washing-machine that raises the temperature of the water high enough, that it doesn’t need detergent at all?

Disruptive innovation is just that — going to the root, bringing new benefits that cannot be compared with the old ways, while at the same time, shaking up entire industries.

Traditionally, the incumbent “kings” choose to resist change.

Resistance always causes friction, which causes heat, which causes pain, because it is fear-based. Ask the music industry, which didn’t see the internet coming, and decided to fight for survival in the court room (they lost, and repeated the same mistake as 25 years ago with FM radio: what appeared to be a threat to their record business, turned out to be the most efficient model to reach the masses at virtually no distribution cost).

Acceptance is about taking advantage of change, rather than resisting it. Ask any improv actor. The results are, one might say, magical. In fact, they are just normal, because that is how nature works: it adapts and evolves. It is resisting that isn’t natural.

This is why asking customers what they want is not the way to bring about true change. It is a way to go around fear of uncertainty, an insurance policy to justify a potential future failure if the market doesn’t respond: “But customers said they wanted it!”. Surveys don’t work for innovation, because people can say they like purple, and then they buy yellow.

The same way with voting for a candidate rather than another. The difference can only be incremental. History shows that societal change is never initiated by the kings in charge, but by the people below them.

“All streams flow to the ocean, because the ocean is below them. Humility is what gives its power.” — Lao Tze

Do we want disruption anyway? What is wrong with the status-quo? At the pace the world is changing, there is no choice: if something can be changed, it will be; and if we don’t do it, someone else will.

There are basic business, legal, and organizational principles to respect. This is the foundation. With that in place, the way to disrupt, is to have the curiosity to observe, and make connections. Immersing oneself with people and situations that are away from our familiar comfort zone. Caring and having the courage to fulfill our life-mission to serve others with our unique gifts.

What is visible shows only the past, never the future. True innovation is far more difficult, and far more rewarding, as it is about connecting dots that are still invisible.

如果亨利‧福特當初有去問顧客想要什麼,那他後來賣的應該會是跑得快一點點的馬車吧。

就創新及創意產業而言,真正的競爭者往往不是另一家公司,而是當時的社會狀況及掌權權威──我們姑且稱其為「國王」好了。

維持現狀太容易了;隨便想一想、做一做、然後賣一賣,搞不好也沒人發現這些新產品唯一不同的地方,只是比現有的東西便宜一些、快一點點、輕巧一些、好一點點。然而很明顯地,這種改變及進步其實微乎其微,對社會的整個體制和現況根本沒多少幫助。

就像這些新上市的洗衣精即使再強再好,說穿了它洗衣服的功效跟舊的其實還是大同小異。

真正難的是突破現狀;你要想得到、做得出來、然後賣得出去。與其賣新的洗衣精,何不打造能自動使水升溫沸騰、進而達到殺菌效果的洗衣機?這樣連洗衣精都免了。

這才是真正的革新──先追根究柢找到問題的源頭,再試著想出完全不同於老方法的新點子;如此一來,整個產業都會因你而改變。但一般來說,在位的「國王」通常會抗拒這種改變。

抗拒總是導致摩擦,摩擦再產生憤怒,憤怒接著會帶來痛苦……而這一且只因為抗拒的本質來自於對改變的恐懼。看看音樂界吧,當網際網路問世時,每個人都紛紛決定要上法院去抗爭、去捍衛他們的工作。結果他們還是輸了──沒人記得25年前曾有過同樣的情形。當時唱片業者都視FM廣播的來臨為一大威脅,沒想到後來廣播反而成為他們接觸大眾最有效的管道,還幫他們省了配送的成本。

所謂的「接受」講求利用變化,而不是一味抗拒變化。問問深諳此道的即興演員吧,他們會告訴你「接受」帶來的演出效果是最棒的。其實這是很正常的,因為大自然就是如此運作:它不斷適應變化,演化且進化。它唯一抗拒的是違反自然的事物。

所以想要真正創新,問顧客想要什麼絕不是對的方法。那只證明了你對未知的恐懼,以便將來市場反應不良的話,你能有個好說辭給自己台階下。「還不是因為顧客說他們想要的!」到頭來,在創新及創意產業的世界裡,市場調查是沒用的,畢竟顧客可以說他們喜歡紫色然後跑去買黃色。

投票給哪個候選人也是一樣的道理,結果對世界造成的改變真的不大。歷史已經明確地告訴了我們,革命性的社會變遷從來不會是當權的國王發起的;發起革命的往往是身居其下的人群。

「江海所以能為百谷王者,以其善下之,故能為百谷王。」─老子

你可能會有疑問:我們為什麼要突破?維持現狀有什麼不好?然而這其實是必然的,因為世界一直在變。既然改變是必然的,那會發生的就是會發生;如果我們不先邁出步伐做些什麼,那等於把機會拱手讓給別人去做。

當然,改變和創新也是要奠定在一定的根基上,也就是要尊重企業、法律、體制等的基本原則。有了這樣的前提,真正突破的方法就是要懷有強烈的好奇心,多

聽多看多觀察,並勇於接觸新事物。不要害怕去探索新的人群和環境,哪怕他們置身於你舒適圈的千里之外;不要放棄熱情及完成人生使命的勇氣,畢竟我們活著就是要用自己獨特的天賦及才能來幫助彼此。

現在對我們來說顯而易見的事情,通常只交代了過去,卻從來無法洞悉未來。這也就是為什麼真正的創新極其困難、極其珍貴;因為創新的真諦,在於有能力把所有我們現在都還看不見的點,串連起來。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment

Acquiring Customers
獲取顧客的模式

You don’t build a business in order to make a profit. You make a profit in order to build a business.

When thinking about business ideas, the first thing to consider is how meaningful it is to society.

A business is one of the most efficient ways to bring positive change to the world.

Being profitable is critical, because it is what allows the business to exist, and accomplish its mission. Being greedy isn’t the goal, being sustainable is.

The second thing to consider, is what we could call the Customer Acquisition Model, or CAM.

A business isn’t a business if it doesn’t have paying customers.

And no, money from investors is different — it isn’t predictable, it doesn’t scale, it doesn’t sustain, and it isn’t any indication of success. It is just nitro that you inject in the engine to go faster/bigger after you have validated the business with the first paying customers.

Getting paying customers is, by far, one of the most challenging parts of building a business. There is a cost to it, and there is a way.

The CAM is the way. It is what can make or break any business. Putting the time and thinking into figuring out the Customer Acquisition Model makes all the difference.

Personally, I throw away countless business ideas, including my own, when I realize the CAM is too complex, or not efficient enough. All other aspects of the business, no matter how attractive they may seem, become irrelevant. I don’t even get involved and I quickly move on to the next idea.

No need to think about the color of the roof, if the foundation of the house isn’t strong enough to support the walls.

Ideally, the CAM is viral: each customer becomes your marketer.

Communities, and communication tools (phone, fax, email, instant-messaging, etc), are usually the most likely to be viral, because the more users in the network, the more value each user gets. It is in the direct interest of each user to invite others to buy the same product.

Word of mouth is different — it quickly fades away when the next popular thing appears. There is no such thing as “viral video”, but rather “video that many people share”… until the next video comes along and steals the spotlight.

Viral, on the other hand, keeps on spreading.

Create a CAM that is viral, and all you need is a dozen initial customers who tell their peers, and your business spreads like wildfire, quite possibly without the need for any advertising.

Advertising is force. As in physics, any force results in counter-force, friction, resistance.

Turning your customers into your marketers isn’t force, it is Power. There isn’t resistance — there is acceptance, resonance, self-amplification.

What if you don’t sell a communication tool?

Creating a CAM that is viral, then, is the art of inventing new business models.

Many CAMs are respectable without being viral, though. When acquiring each customer, just make sure you make more money than you spend.

你不該因為渴望賺錢而經營企業;你要為了經營企業而想辦法賺錢。

在構思生意上的新點子時,我優先衡量的點,總是它為社會帶來的意義是什麼。

若想為這世界帶來正面的改變,經營企業可說是最有效的方法之一。

保持一定的營利程度也是非常重要的;畢竟唯有如此,企業方能生存,企業家才得以完成使命。然而,做生意的目的不是貪得無厭,而是永續發展。

我接著考慮的點,則是所謂的CAM:Customer Acquisition Model (獲取顧客的模式)

經營企業一定要有願意消費的顧客。

然而,來自投資者的錢又另當別論了──這種收入來源既不穩定,又難以成長,更遑論要永續發展了。這些現象實在不是邁向成功的跡象;這只是假象,讓你在有了首批消費的顧客後,就立刻想把nitro(硝酸)倒入引擎好讓車子飆得更快。

直到今天,找到願意消費的顧客,仍是經營企業時最困難的部分之一。這需要時間及成本沒錯,但同時也是要有方法的。

CAM就是一個方法。它決定了企業的成敗,能同時成就和搞垮一個企業。花點時間去思考,並且找到屬於你的獲取顧客模式;這舉動帶來的好處可是非同小可。

拿我來說,我總是把一堆生意上的點子都拋諸腦後,即便是我自己費時想出來的也不例外。因為,我常會發現它們的CAM不是太複雜、就是不夠有效率。在這樣的前提之下,無論這些生意點子的其他層面再吸引人,也都無關緊要了。我絕不會多花任何時間在上面,而是盡快朝下一個點子前進。

當房子的地基不夠穩固、無法支撐牆面時,就別白費時間及心思去想要把屋頂漆成什麼顏色了。

原則上來說,CAM具有像病毒自足茁壯的特性:同理,理想狀況就是讓每個顧客最終都能成為你的行銷人員。

所有通訊工具──舉凡電話、傳真、電子郵件、即時訊息等等──都是病毒式行銷最容易成功的領域,因為在特定網絡內有越多的使用者,每個使用者就可以得到越多的資源。所以對這些顧客而言,邀請其他人一起購置特定產品是有利的,也因此他們會樂於幫忙推銷。

口碑式行銷又是另一回事了。一旦有別的更火紅的東西出現,原本的產品就很容易迅速退燒。舉例來說,影片就不屬於病毒式行銷的範疇,頂多是有些影片會暫時得到特別多人的分享及點閱……直到另一個影片出現並奪走焦點。

病毒是會不斷擴散的。

試著找到一個能運用病毒式行銷的CAM,讓頭十位消費的顧客願意幫你把產品推銷給他們的朋友。接著,你的企業就會如星火燎原般成長擴大,而且很可能連打廣告都完全不用了。

打廣告是種強制性的力量,而這往往會導致於反制力、摩擦力、及阻力的產生。

相對地,讓顧客為你行銷則需要正面順流的力量。如此一來,就不會造成任何阻力,只會有接納和共鳴。

說了半天,如果你的企業跟通訊工具無關呢?

先找到一個病毒式行銷的CAM。接著,就看你如何打造一個創新的商業模式了。

也有許多CAM是沒有採用病毒式行銷,卻仍非常成功的。所以只要記得在每次獲得新的顧客時,留意一下你賺的錢有沒有比你花的錢多就好。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship, Sales | Leave a comment

Vitamin vs. Aspirin
維他命 vs. 阿斯匹靈

If you are selling something that can improve someone’s life in the future, you are selling vitamin.

If you are selling something that can remove a pain now, you are selling aspirin.

Selling vitamin requires educating the market. It can be difficult, expensive, and take years.

On the other hand, selling aspirin doesn’t require education. It only requires your presence, and takes no time.

If you find yourself struggling trying to sell something that people don’t buy, perhaps you are selling vitamin to a market that isn’t ready for it yet.

The choice, then, is either to:

• Do all the education yourself
• Leverage the competition to educate the market together and share a bigger pie
• Or sell to a different market.

Or… try to sell aspirin instead!

The best time to sell an umbrella, is when it is raining.

如果你的產品,能改善人們未來的生活品質,那你賣的叫做「維他命」。

如果你的產品,能消除人們現在的煩惱疼痛,那你賣的叫做「阿斯匹靈」。

想銷售維他命,首先得讓市場了解它的重要性。這過程很困難;你不僅要投注金錢,更可能花上數年的時間。

然而賣阿斯匹靈就不需要教育顧客這個步驟。整個過程花不了多少時間,你只需要讓市場意識到你的存在就夠了

因此,如果現在你正努力推銷你的產品,卻沒人領情,試著這樣想:也許你賣的維他命的確很有益健康,但現階段的市場就是還沒準備好接受它。

所以你接下來可以考量的選擇有:

• 一手包辦教育顧客的工作
• 利用競爭對手已有的成果來順勢教育顧客,同時也可擴大銷售市場。
• 主打另一個族群市場試試看

又或者……你乾脆直接改賣阿斯匹靈算了!

下雨天就是雨傘業者們業績最好的時候,所以其實說來說去都是時機問題。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Sales | Leave a comment

The Oracle That Sold the Secrets of Success
販賣成功祕訣的預言家

The oracle Herophile offered King Tarquin a collection of prophecies, allowing him to run a successful kingdom.

The price of that piece of paper was 1 million gold coins. A high price, even for a king.

The king refused.

So the oracle burned a part of it, and offered what was left for… the same original price.

The king was shocked. Nevertheless, he still refused to pay.

So the oracle continued to burn yet another part, and offered what was left for… the same original price.

Finally, the king decided to pay.

Selling yourself short doesn’t help anyone. Stick to your guns. When a customer is unable to value what you offer, find another customer who does.

預言家Herophile握有一份預言,而他打算將這份治理國家的成功祕訣賣給Tarquin國王。

這張薄薄的、寫著預言的紙,要價一百萬金幣;就連國王都覺得貴得嚇人。

於是國王拒絕了。

預言家把那份預言拿出來,燒掉了一部分,然後把剩餘的交給國王……要價仍然是一百萬。

國王很震驚,但依舊拒絕買下那份預言。

於是預言家又把預言拿出來,燒掉了更大部份,然後把剩餘的交給國王……要價不變,一百萬。

終於,國王決定乖乖付錢。

永遠別妄自菲薄、屈就於低價。堅持你應得且值得的。如果這個顧客不懂得欣賞和感謝你的貢獻,那就把你的服務賣給另一個懂的人吧。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

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How Much Are Ideas Worth?
點子值多少?

An idea is worth nothing without execution, but good execution of a bad idea is equally worthless.

Thomas Edison had a vision: to light up the world with electricity. He didn’t know exactly how to build a light-bulb, so he tried a thousand small variations, and eventually succeeded.

He didn’t “pivot”, starting with a light-bulb, failing a few times, and switching to build a espresso-machine instead.

He remained focused on the light-bulb, over and over, because his genius was the vision, and the rest was execution.

The vision is what separates the women from the girls, the leaders from the followers, the innovators from the posers. It takes exceptional talent and courage to come up with a vision and execute it persistently without knowing exactly how to do it.

Finding a problem worth solving is as important as solving it.

On the other hand, starting out without clarity of vision, and hoping to magically find it along the way through countless iterations, doesn’t require much talent or courage. Chickens run around in all directions — and they usually get their heads cut off by the millions. (There are a few companies that became successful following this approach, but these aren’t the rule, and are as rare as winning the lottery)

While defining the initial Vision is essential, it is only the beginning. Countless more ideas need to be generated continually, in order to execute and turn that Vision into reality. This is why both creative individuals and executors are equally necessary during the entire journey.

Execution is about knowing HOW to do something. This is usually found in books.

Ideas are about knowing WHAT to do (and not to do), and WHEN. The ability to make decisions with incomplete information. This is what we do at the Founder Squad gatherings. This isn’t found in books.

Execution is worth 50%. So are ideas.

一個好的點子,若不去執行,就什麼都不是;相對的,去執行一個爛點子,也是一樣毫無用處。

愛迪生有個願景,那就是用電來照亮這個世界。他其實不是很清楚到底要怎麼製作燈泡,所以他嘗試了一百次不同的變化,最後終於成功。

他從沒想過要去「pivot」:抱著製作燈泡的點子,試了幾次都不成,就乾脆改變方向去試圖發明咖啡機。

儘管一再失敗,愛迪生始終把焦點放在最初的願景──燈泡──因為他天才的地方就在於點子,其餘的部分就只差實際去執行了。

在起始點就先找到自己要的願景是非常重要的;它在女人和女孩、領導者和追隨者、先鋒和門外漢之間,清楚地劃上了分水嶺。

能鑑別出什麼是值得解決的問題,其實和解決它同等重要。

相對的,也有人一開始就缺乏一個明確的願景,只是像無頭蒼蠅般一味期盼在胡亂試過千百次後,就能突然神奇地想到個好點子;這種行為其實真的不太需要什麼才幹或勇氣。雞群總是往四面八方亂跑一氣,而結果往往是被抓去屠宰場任人宰殺。(當然也有一些公司循上述路線卻成功了,但那畢竟是少數,成功機率大概跟贏樂透差不多。)

然而,找出最初的自我定位及願景固然重要,但這一切才剛開始而已。為了實現這份願景,一路上還會有無數個需要好點子的時刻等著我們。這就是為什麼在邁向成功的途中,負責出點子的人和負責執行的人是缺一不可。

所謂的執行能力,就是知道「如何」去做、去完成一件事。

而所謂的點子,則是知道自己「要」做什麼、「不要」做什麼、及「何時」去做。這也是FounderSquad會議的重點:即使資料不足,也要有明確的方向及下決定的能力。

執行的重要性占50%。點子亦然。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment

Think Backward

How to market your products, your services, your talents, in a saturated world? As customers get flooded with always more information, it is increasingly difficult to rise above the noise.

Standing out isn’t about making even more noise all over the place. One way to be outstanding is to look at the world… backwards.

History shows that positive change is usually started by a minority of people who challenge the status-quo with the opposite view.

Heard of globalization? The world is saturated with stuff. You can buy a bottle of American soda in the African jungle. There is nowhere else to go on this planet.

When Alexander The Great thought he had conquered the entire world, he began to cry.

Think Backward: the future isn’t global, it is local. What is needed is what globalization cannot provide: close relationships. We value what is intimate, personalized, and that which cares about us.

The future is local is many ways: local food production, local energy generation, local services, short-distance transportation, vertical education, mesh networks, resilient communities, distributed infrastructure.

Want to start a company that helps people find products at lower prices? You can come up with a disruptive differentiator, or realize that the way the world’s economy is going, people are going to be increasingly selecting between what they want and what they actually need.

Think Backward: start a company that helps people to sell, or better yet, to SHARE what they have.

Want to invent a new detergent that cleans laundry even better? Yet another multi-billion-dollar market that is saturated. The competition isn’t so much about chemicals or quality of cleanliness, and more about branding.

Think Backward: invent a washing-machine that boils the water and requires NO detergent at all. You will stand out so much, the media will love it. The incumbents will fight it to the teeth, ironically doing all the advertising for you and for free — just make sure you hire a bodyguard!

Want to be popular? Getting Facebook “Likes” has some value, but mostly to people who believe that the more popular something is, the better it is. Did we mention the world is changed by minorities, not by the majority that follows them?

Mercedes-Benz may have a small share of the automobile market, but it is focused on excellence, and it is much more profitable than other car makers that barely survive.

Think Backward: focus on substance. Don’t worry about looking popular: people don’t care as much as you might think. Those who truly matter (your customers) will appreciate the rare attention you give them by excluding everyone else.

Want to make a difference? You can be reactive, follow, imitate, copy other people’s styles, comment on other people’s work, make some noise to get temporary attention. Small risks yield small rewards.

Think Backward: have the courage to be proactive, come up with your own thinking, innovate, create your own concepts, solve meaningful problems a way that nobody thought about before.

Want an easy life?
Think Backward: how about working hard.

Want to gain?
Think Backward: how about giving.

在這資訊爆炸的時代,要如何成功向大眾行銷你的產品、服務、及才能呢?現在的消費者每天都接收過多的訊息,因此,想要真正脫穎而出,就日益艱難了。

然而,所謂的脫穎而出,絕不是譁眾取寵。要成為與眾不同的佼佼者,方法之一是運用反向思考,反過來看這個世界。

所謂鑑古知今,只要觀察古今中外的歷史便不難發現,正向的改變通常都是由少數人發起的;而這些人正是用反向思考的觀點來挑戰當時的社會體制與權威。

聽過「全球化」吧?這世界的各個角落正被五花八門的產品攻陷,你甚至可以在非洲叢林裡買到美國汽水。整個地球已經被開發到最大值,毫無退路。然而就像當初亞歷山大帝以為他已攻克佔領了全世界時,他只能驚慌失措地開始流淚。

反過來想:其實未來社會標榜的不是全球化,而是在地化。全球化帶來的效應無法賦予人們真正重視的元素,那就是人與人之間的緊密關係。我們需要的是個人化並能產生共鳴與連結性的產品及服務,因為那才是大家在意的:一份被關心及被看重的感覺。

未來社會的在地化將涵括許多層面:從食物生產、能源供給、到各式服務據點,都會轉變為在地化。另外,短距離貨品運輸、當地私人網路、專精化的教育、以及自力更生的社區,亦會是未來的趨勢。

想經營幫人以低價價格購入商品的公司嗎?你可以嘗試不落窠臼的行銷手法來展現公司的獨特性,但請認清現今世界經濟走向的現實面:在面對琳琅滿目的商品時,人們愈來愈會強調及區別兩種心態,一是他們想要什麼,另一則是他們真正需要什麼。

反過來想:與其如此,不如試著經營專門幫人「銷售」物品的公司;更好的是,建造一個讓人們交換及分享物品的平台。

想發明擁有超強洗淨力的洗衣精嗎?那已經是坐擁數十億的市場了。追根究柢,其實化學成份及淨化髒污的品質並不是主要的競爭項目;品牌才是。

反向思考:不如發明能自動使水沸騰、進而達到殺菌效果的洗衣機。如此一來,連洗衣精都無用武之地了,試想你會多鶴立雞群?媒體會多為之瘋狂?市面上的業者一定會咬緊牙關為此奮戰;諷刺的是,這只會免費幫你打廣告而已。到時你要確保的可能只是僱個貼身保鏢吧!

想變得受歡迎嗎?Facebook上的讚可能多少有些價值,但對象僅限於那些覺得受歡迎程度跟品質好壞定成正比的人們而言。我們已經提過這世界的改變向來是由少數人發起的,而不是由那一大批聽隨在後的人吧?

賓士一直在汽車市場中佔有一席之地,但它始終強調的都是品牌自身的優越,而這比其他苟延殘喘力求生存的汽車公司要強得多了。

反過來想:把焦點拉回產品的永續性。不要擔心受不受歡迎,因為人們根本沒有你想像中地在乎這些。真正值得在意的人們──也就是你的客戶──會欣然感激你重質不重量的原則,因為你選擇把心思及注意力留給重要的人,而不是大力分散給不同的人們。

回歸到最初的問題:想真正地脫穎而出嗎?你可以試圖去盲從大眾、去被動地回應世界加諸於你的一切、去模仿和抄襲他人的風格、去大肆評論別人的作品,去譁眾取寵──去嘗試這一切,只為了得到短暫的注意力。事實是,你愈不願大膽冒險,得到的收穫就愈不珍貴。

反過來想:你要做的就是抱持勇敢積極的前瞻性、找出屬於你自己的思維模式、無止盡地去創新、打造你專屬的概念、並用其他人從沒想過的方式去解決有意義的問題。

想擁有安逸的人生嗎?
反過來想:何不從認真耕耘開始做起。

想得到些什麼嗎?
反過來想:何不先主動付出些什麼。


Written by David Dupouy.
David started the Founder Squad in 2011. Previously, he spent 12 years in Silicon Valley as CEO and co-founder of Sensiva, Inc., XL Media, Inc., Talents Unlimited (.org), and MetaPass, Inc. A speaker at Stanford University, he was awarded multiple U.S. patents for software technologies used by millions of people worldwide.

Translated by WriterSquad member Delilah Bai.

筆者:David Dupouy
David在美國矽谷投注了十二年的時間及心力,開創繼而經營了四家公司:Sensiva, Inc.,XL Media, Inc.,Talents Unlimited (.org),及MetaPass, Inc.。 在此期間,他也在史丹佛大學內擔任講師,研發的科技更相繼獲得多項美國授權的專利,而這些技術如今仍被上百萬大眾廣泛使用著。David現在則創辦和帶領著Founder Squad。

譯者:白荻 (WriterSquad成員)

Posted in Entrepreneurship | Leave a comment